EVALUATION
OF PPPC-TYPE DENDROBIUM PROGENIES
(D. Tessie Amore UH1191, UH1276
and D. Nellie Sugii UH1233)
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Den.
Tessie Amore (UH1191, UH1276)
Photo by Dr. H. Kamemoto |
Den.
Tessie Amore (UH1191, UH1276) Photo by L. Kiyan |
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Den.
Nellie Sugii (UH1233)
Photo by L. Kiyan |
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University
of Hawaii (D. Tessie Amore UH1191, UH1276 and D. Nellie Sugii UH1233) The Jaquelyn Thomas-type, seed-propagated, dendrobium cultivars developed by the University of Hawaii are amphidiploids or tetrapoloids with two chromosome sets of the P. (Phalaenanthe) genome and two sets of the C. (Ceratobium) genome. UH44, UH232, UH306, UH503, UH507 and UH800 are PPCC amphidiploids. UH955 (D. Joan Kushima) and UH971 (D. Elaine Harada) on the other hand, are PPPC tetraploids with three sets of the P. genome and one set of the C. genome. Because UH955 and UH971 have a majority of the P. genome, flowers are larger, fuller and more attractive than the PPCC amphidiploids, but yields are lower. With the recent appearance of mericlones cultivars from Thailand such as D. Sonia, D. Ekapol and D. Poh Kiew with large, attractive flowers, some growers in Hawaii have expressed interest in PPPC-type cultivars that are seed-propagated. Accordingly, we made several PPPC crosses and evaluated the progenies for uniformity, yield, bud drop, and other horticultural characters. Two separate groups were evaluated. The first group of seven crosses (Table 1) were germinated in spring, 1986, and evaluated from June 1988 to December 1991. We featured K681-17 as one of the PPPP parents because of its attractive two-tone light lavender (pink) color and good substance. The second group (Table 2) consisted of 10 crosses, germinated between November, 1986 to March, 1988. The majority of crosses were evaluated from July, 1989 to December, 1991, but K1276, K1280, K1282 and K1286 were evaluated from July 1990 to December 1991. This group featured as parents Neo Hawaii 4N, which is one of the parents of UH306, Joanna Mesina 4N (D408) with attractive, full, two-tone lavender (pink), and long lasting flowers, selections from a PPPP cross (K681) with two-tone lavender (pink) flowers, and a red Jaquelyn Concert 4N (D239-1). The data for group 1 progenies are summarized in Table 3. The flower characteristics, except yield, bud drop and flower color, were similar with no statistical differences. An important character is percent bud drop. If we accept a minimum of 5% bud drop, then crosses K1113, K1117 and K1126 should be rejected even if other features are desirable. The red Jaquelyn Concert parent (D239-1) must have contributed to the high bud drop in both K1113 and K1117. The rest of the crosses all showed some variation in flower color, and did not exhibit exceptional features to warrant consideration for commercial cropping. |
Table 1. Group I PPPC Hybrids.
|
Cross Number |
Cross |
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K1113 K1117 K1126 K1144 K1146 K1147 K1148 |
D192 (Jaquelyn Thomas 4N) x W15-6 (phalaenopsis 4N) D239-1 (Jaquelyn Concert) x K404-2 (PPPP 4N) D364-2 (Louisae 4N) x W15-6 (phalaenopsis 4N) K681-17 (PPPP 4N) x 0580-4N (Jaquelyn Thomas 4N) K681-17 (PPPP 4N) x D168-12 (Jaquelyn Thomas 4N) K681-17 (PPPP 4N) x Y166-1 (Jaquelyn Thomas 4N) K681-17 (PPPP 4N) x NH4N (Neo Hawaii 4N) |
Table 2. Group II PPPC hybrids.
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Cross Number |
Cross |
|
K1191 K1211 K1219 K1227 K1232 K1233 K1262 K1276 K1280 K1282 |
K159-21 (Jaquelyn Thomas 4N) x D408 (Joanna Mesina 4N) K1026-9 (PPPP 4N) x NH4N (Neo Hawaii 4N) D276-2 (Dale Takiguchi 4N) x NH4N (Neo Hawaii 4N) K681-2 (PPPP 4N) x NH4N (Neo Hawaii 4N) K681-29 (PPPP 4N) x NH4N (Neo Hawaii 4N) D408 (Joanna Mesina 4N) x NH4N (Neo Hawaii 4N) K681-29 (PPPP 4N) x NH4N (Neo Hawaii 4N) K44-50 (Jaquelyn Concert 4N) x D408 (Joanna Mesina 4N) D239-1 (Jaquelyn Concert 4N) x K119-2 (PPPP 4N) K404-2 (PPPP 4N) x D239-1 (Jaquelyn Concert 4N) |
Table 3. Performance of Group I – PPPC progenies
|
Cross Number |
Number sprays per plant |
Number flowers per spray |
Scape Length (inches) |
Spray Length (inches) |
Flower
|
Pedicel Length (inches) |
% Bud drop |
Plant Height (inches) |
Flower color |
|
K1113 |
6.7 |
13.1 |
8.7 |
18.3 |
2.8 x 3.0 |
1.8 |
8.2 |
30.7 |
Pink, slight variation |
|
K1117 |
8.0 |
12.8 |
6.9 |
15.4 |
2.2 x 2.7 |
1.7 |
19.5 |
21.5 |
Purple, uniform |
|
K1126 |
10.1 |
14.1 |
8.9 |
26.4 |
2.8 x 3.0 |
1.9 |
6.7 |
26.4 |
Lavender, slight tessellation |
|
K1144 |
11.5 |
13.2 |
9.7 |
20.0 |
3.1 x 3.3 |
1.6 |
1.0 |
25.0 |
Lavender, slight variation |
|
K1146 |
6.8 |
14.5 |
8.6 |
21.7 |
2.5 x 2.6 |
1.8 |
3.7 |
25.4 |
Light and darker lavender |
|
K1147 |
13.5 |
15.1 |
8.7 |
17.0 |
2.6 x 2.8 |
1.6 |
2.2 |
32.8 |
Pink, slight variation |
|
K1148 |
17.9 |
12.5 |
10.2 |
22.7 |
2.7 x 3.0 |
1.9 |
3.5 |
29.2 |
Variable, pink, dark pink, white |
Table 4. Performance of Group II – PPPC progenies
|
Cross Number |
No. sprays per plant |
No. flowers per spray |
Scape Length (inches) |
Spray Length (inches) |
Flower Length x Width (inches) |
Pedicel Length (inches) |
% Bud Drop |
Plant Height (inches) |
Flower Color |
|
K1191 |
7.8 |
13.8 |
10.2 |
22.7 |
2.6 x 2.9 |
1.6 |
1.0 |
30.6 |
Pink, slight variation |
|
K1211 |
7.4 |
13.7 |
6.9 |
15.4 |
2.2 x 2.7 |
1.7 |
12.1 |
32.0 |
Pink, fairly uniform |
|
K1219 |
9.6 |
12.6 |
7.4 |
16.5 |
2.4 x 2.7 |
1.5 |
8.1 |
28.6 |
Pink, few white |
|
K1227 |
7.3 |
13.0 |
9.7 |
21.3 |
2.5 x 2.8 |
1.8 |
5.2 |
26.8 |
Pink, few white |
|
K1232 |
7.3 |
13.3 |
9.4 |
21.1 |
2.6 x 2.9 |
1.8 |
5.0 |
25.7 |
Pink, variable shades |
|
K1233 |
8.2 |
13.9 |
9.2 |
21.5 |
2.4 x 2.7 |
1.6 |
3.5 |
32.6 |
Pink, slight variation |
|
K1262 |
6.5 |
12.4 |
9.3 |
21.0 |
2.5 x 2.8 |
1.8 |
4.4 |
23.7 |
Pink, slight variation |
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K1276 |
6.1 |
15.0 |
9.2 |
21.5 |
2.6 x 2.8 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
31.5 |
Pink, slight variation |
|
K1280 |
3.6 |
13.8 |
6.7 |
20.3 |
2.3 x 2.6 |
1.7 |
20.7 |
20.4 |
Reddish purple, slight variation |
|
K1282 |
4.5 |
13.1 |
6.1 |
18.1 |
2.4 x 2.7 |
1.8 |
15.0 |
19.6 |
Reddish purple, slight variation |
Table 5. Characteristics of K1191, K1233 and K1276.
|
Characteristics |
K1191 |
K1233 |
K1276 |
|
Sprays per plant |
7.8 ± 0.7 |
8.2 ± 2.1 |
6.5 ± 1.5 |
|
Scape length (inches) |
8.8 ± 0.9 |
9.2 ± 1.7 |
9.2 ± 1.7 |
|
Spray length (inches) |
21.2 ± 4.5 |
21.5 ± 3.0 |
21.5 ± 3.1 |
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Number of flowers per spray |
13.8 ± 3.7 |
13.9 ± 4.0 |
15.0 ± 3.7 |
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Percent bud drop |
1.0 |
3.5 |
1.0 |
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Flower length (inches) |
2.7 ± 0.3 |
2.4 ± 0.1 |
2.6 ± 0.3 |
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Flower width (inches) |
2.9 ± 0.3 |
2.7 ± 0.2 |
2.8 ± 0.1 |
|
Pedicel length (inches) |
1.6 ± 0.1 |
1.6 ± 0.1 |
1.5 ± 0.1 |
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Vase life (days) |
20.4 ± 6.8 |
23.9 ± 6.8 |
22.9 ± 8.0 |
|
Mean plant height (inches) |
30.6 ± 5.8 |
32.6 ± 5.9 |
31.5 ± 6.2 |
| The data for the second group are summarized in Table 4. Again no differences in flower characteristics, except yield, bud drop and flower color were observed among the crosses. As in Group I, the red Jaquelyn Concert (D239-1) parent contributed to the high bud drop percent of 20.7 in K1280 (D239-1 x K119-2) and 15.0 in K1282 (K404-2 x D239-1). Flower yields were low for these two crosses. K1211 and 1219 had unacceptable bud drop percentages higher than 5, while K1232 and K1262 showed a borderline bud drop percentage of 5.0, and 4.4, respectively. The remaining 3 crosses, K1191, K1233 and K1276 appeared the most promising with a very low bud drop percentage, and furthermore, produced fairly uniform attractive pink flowers. All three crosses, which have Joanna Mesina as one of the parents, produced erect sprays with exceptionally long vase lives of 20.4, 23.9 and 22.9 days, respectively. K1191 and K1276 are being registered as Dendrobium Tessie Amore (D. Jaquelyn Thomas x D. Joanna Mesina), and K1233 as Dendrobium Nellie Sugii (D. Joanna Mesina x D. Neo Hawaii). These three crosses will be released as UH1191, UH1276 and UH1233 for trial as seed-propagated PPPC cultivars. A brief profile of the three cultivars are presented in table 5 and their seasonality in Figure 3. It should be noted that the yield for K1276 was lower than that for K1191 and K1233 due to the shorter evaluation period. |
H.
Kamemoto, A.R. Kuehnle,
T.D. Amore and N.C. Sugii
